Norfolk Island is a small island in the Pacific Ocean
located between Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. The island is part of the Commonwealth of
Australia. Together with two neighbouring islands, it forms one of Australia's
external territories. It has 1,796 inhabitants living on a total area of about
35 km2. Its capital is Kingston.
Norfolk Island was colonised by East Polynesians but was
long unpeopled when it was settled by Great Britain as part of its settlement
of Australia from 1788. The island served as a convict penal settlement from 6
March 1788 until 5 May 1855. On 8 June 1856, permanent civilian residence on
the island began when it was settled from Pitcairn Island. In 1913, the UK
handed Norfolk over to Australia to administer as an external territory.
The evergreen Norfolk Island pine is a symbol of the island
and thus pictured on its flag. Native to the island, the pine is a key export
for Norfolk Island, being a popular ornamental tree on mainland Australia,
where two related species grow, and also worldwide.
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