Mongolia
is a landlocked sovereign state in East Asia. It is bordered by China to the
south and Russia to the north. While it does not share a border with
Kazakhstan, Mongolia is separated from Kazakhstan by only 36.76 kilometres
(22.84 mi). Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to about 45% of
the country's population.
In
1206, Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire, and his grandson Kublai Khan
conquered China to establish the Yuan dynasty. In the 16th century, Tibetan
Buddhism began to spread in Mongolia, by the early 1900s, almost one-third of
the adult male population were Buddhist monks.
At
1,564,116 square kilometres Mongolia is the 19th largest and one of the most sparsely
populated independent countries in the world, with a population of around 3
million people. The country contains very little arable land, as much of its
area is covered by grassy steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the
Gobi Desert to the south.Approximately 30% of the population is nomadic or
semi-nomadic; horse culture is still integral.
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